Stanozolol is contraindicated in any patient with known or suspected carcinoma of the prostate or male breast because androgenic stimulation can accelerate neoplastic growth in hormone-dependent tissues. The breadth of these biochemical actions underscores why therapeutic benefit is balanced against systemic effects and why ongoing laboratory monitoring is indispensable for any patient maintained on long-term prophylaxis. In skeletal muscle, anabolic signaling is linked to enhanced mTOR pathway activation and suppression of myostatin transcripts, potentially explaining historical misuse for performance enhancement. The drug also appears to diminish complement-derived inflammatory mediators by increasing C4 and C2 levels, further strengthening its prophylactic effect. ecro -receptor complex modulates transcription of genes involved in muscle protein synthesis, erythropoiesis, and bone matrix deposition.
The DESI program was intended to classify all pre-1962 drugs that were already on the market as effective, ineffective, or needing further study. Also in 1962, the Kefauver Harris Amendment was passed, amending the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to require drug manufacturers to provide proof of the effectiveness of their drugs before approval. The primary metabolites are unique to stanozolol and are detectable in the urine for up to 10 days after a single 5–10 mg oral dose.
When dispensed as compounded Stanozolol Capsules, the formulation is intended solely for oral administration and is provided in strengths that allow physicians to titrate the dose to the lowest level that maintains symptom control while minimizing adverse effects. Stanozolol has been investigated in the treatment of a number of dermatological conditions including urticaria, hereditary angioedema, Raynaud's phenomenon, cryofibrinogenemia, and lipodermatosclerosis. Its side effects include weight gain, water retention, and difficulty eliminating nitrogen-based waste products and it is toxic to the liver, especially in cats. In 2010, Lundbeck withdrew stanozolol from the market in the US; as of 2014 no other company is marketing stanozolol as a pharmaceutical drug in the US but it can be obtained via a compounding pharmacy. At comprare hgh originale , the drug had not been discontinued and was considered a treatment for hereditary angioedema.
Additionally, stanozolol has been shown to exert activity via estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in vivo. Pharmacological blockade of either PR (mifepristone) or COX-2 (indomethacin) abolishes these effects, confirming that stanozolol’s osteochondral activity requires simultaneous PR signaling and PGE₂-driven crosstalk with the BMP2 pathway. In addition, due to its 5α-reduced nature, stanozolol is non-aromatizable, and hence has no propensity for producing estrogenic effects such as gynecomastia or fluid retention. This results in a greater ratio of anabolic to androgenic activity compared to testosterone. Its affinity for the androgen receptor is about 22% of that of dihydrotestosterone. Side effects of stanozolol include virilization (masculinization), hepatotoxicity, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension.
Brand names under which stanozolol is or has been marketed include Anaysynth, Menabol, Neurabol Caps., Stanabolic (veterinary), Stanazol (veterinary), Stanol, Stanozolol, Stanztab, Stargate (veterinary), Stromba, Strombaject, Sungate (veterinary), Tevabolin, Winstrol, Winstrol Depot, and Winstrol-V (veterinary). Pfizer had marketed stanozolol as a veterinary drug; in 2013 Pfizer spun off its veterinary business to Zoetis and in 2014 Pfizer transferred the authorizations to market injectable and tablet forms of stanozolol as a veterinary drug to Zoetis. Even with Vitamin D für Testosteron Boost in production, Sanofi sold the stanozolol business to Ovation Pharmaceuticals in 2003, along with the two other drugs.
Because stanozolol can promote sodium and water retention, its use alongside corticosteroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may synergistically exacerbate edema and hypertension, particularly in patients with cardiovascular disease. Because stanozolol is a controlled substance, active substance-use disorder involving anabolic agents or other performance-enhancing drugs suggests diversion risk and represents a relative contraindication unless stringent monitoring and support are established. Diabetic patients receiving insulin or sulfonylureas may experience unexpected hypoglycemia because anabolic steroids can improve peripheral glucose utilization and modulate counter-regulatory hormones; self-monitoring of blood glucose and possible antidiabetic dose adjustment are advised. Severe hepatic dysfunction, including active hepatitis, cholestasis, or cirrhosis, represents another absolute contraindication because 17-alpha alkylated steroids are hepatotoxic and may precipitate life-threatening hepatic failure in compromised livers. Female patients with breast carcinoma that is accompanied by hypercalcemia must likewise avoid therapy; anabolic steroids can increase osteolysis, worsening calcium dysregulation and contributing to metastatic complications. As an anabolic steroid, stanozolol exerts a high anabolic-to-androgenic activity ratio, meaning it can enhance protein synthesis with comparatively less virilizing potential than testosterone, yet clinically significant androgenic effects can still manifest, especially in sensitive individuals.